Wet Bulb Calculator

Use our wet bulb calculator to estimate wet-bulb temperature (°F) from air temperature and relative humidity. Includes wet bulb explained, the wet bulb formula (approximation), and how to measure wet bulb temperature.

This wet bulb calculator helps you estimate wet-bulb temperature
Temperature (°F)
Enter air (dry-bulb) temperature in °F.
Relative humidity (%)
Enter relative humidity as a percent (0–100).
Results
Wet-bulb temperature (°F)
Estimated wet-bulb temperature using the Stull approximation.
Uses the Stull wet-bulb approximation (best around -4°F to 122°F and 5%–99% RH).
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Wet Bulb Explained

Wet-bulb temperature is the temperature a thermometer would read if its bulb were covered with a wet wick and air were moved across it. Because evaporation cools the bulb, wet-bulb temperature is usually lower than the regular air temperature (dry-bulb temperature), unless the air is fully saturated.

If you want to calculate wet bulb, you need two main inputs: air temperature and relative humidity. Wet bulb is used in weather, HVAC, and heat-stress planning because it reflects how effectively sweat (evaporation) can cool the body.

Wet-bulb temperature is measured with a sling psychrometer or a ventilated psychrometer (or estimated using formulas and psychrometric relationships). This calculator provides an estimate based on temperature and relative humidity.

Wet Bulb Formula

This calculator estimates wet-bulb temperature using a widely used approximation. The approximation is typically applied in Celsius, then converted back to Fahrenheit.

Wet-bulb approximation (Celsius) =
Twb T · atan(0.151977 · √(RH + 8.313659)) + atan(T + RH) atan(RH 1.676331) + 0.00391838 · RH^(3/2) · atan(0.023101 · RH) 4.686035

Use T in °C and RH as a percent (0–100).

Fahrenheit to Celsius (for the formula) =
T(°C) = (T(°F) 32) · 5/9

Convert your input temperature to °C before applying the approximation.

Celsius to Fahrenheit (final result) =
Twb(°F) = Twb(°C) · 9/5 + 32

Convert the estimated wet-bulb value back to °F.

T
= Air temperature (dry-bulb temperature) in °C
RH
= Relative humidity (%)
Twb
= Wet-bulb temperature in °C (then converted to °F)
atan( )
= Arctangent function (inverse tangent)
Example: estimate wet bulb temperature
T = 90°F, RH = 50% → Twb ≈ 75.6°F

With hot air and moderate humidity, wet-bulb temperature stays fairly high because evaporation is limited.

Example: cooler air with lower humidity
T = 80°F, RH = 40% → Twb ≈ 63.9°F

Lower humidity increases evaporative cooling, so wet-bulb temperature drops more below dry-bulb temperature.

How to Find Wet Bulb Temperature

  1. 1

    Enter the air temperature (°F). This is the dry-bulb temperature measured in the shade.

  2. 2

    Enter the relative humidity (%).

  3. 3

    The calculator estimates the wet-bulb temperature (°F) from temperature and humidity.

  4. 4

    Use the result to compare conditions, especially when evaluating heat stress risk or evaporation potential.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is wet bulb temperature measured?

Wet-bulb temperature is measured using a thermometer with a wet wick over the bulb while air flows across it (for example, with a sling psychrometer or ventilated psychrometer). Evaporation cools the bulb, producing the wet-bulb reading.

What is the difference between dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature?

Dry-bulb temperature is the regular air temperature. Wet-bulb temperature accounts for evaporative cooling, so it reflects both temperature and humidity and is usually lower than dry-bulb temperature unless humidity is 100%.

Can I do a wet bulb conversion from temperature alone?

No. Wet-bulb temperature is not a fixed conversion from dry-bulb temperature. You need at least humidity (and for higher accuracy, pressure/altitude) because evaporation depends on the moisture content of the air.

What is the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) formula?

WBGT is a different heat-stress index that can include natural wet-bulb temperature, globe temperature (radiant heat), and dry-bulb temperature. This calculator estimates wet-bulb temperature only, not WBGT.

Why is wet bulb temperature important?

Wet-bulb temperature indicates how effectively evaporation can cool surfaces and the human body. Higher wet-bulb values mean less evaporative cooling and higher heat stress risk.